Georgoudis G1,2,3, Chatzigrigoriou C3,4, Vlaxaki K4, Archimandritis G4, Kosmopoulos A3, Felah B3, Aggourakis M3
1University of West Attica, Director of Musculoskeletal & Chest Physiotherapy Research Lab, Athens, Greece, 2Hellenic Scientific Society of Algology, Athens, Greece, 3PhysioPain Group, Physiotherapy, Athens, Greece, 4University of West Attica, Musculoskeletal & Chest Physiotherapy Lab, Athens, Greece
Background: The Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) is a self reported questionnaire for patients with foot and ankle disorders available in English and other languages. It is comprised of
separately scored 21-item Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and 8-item Sports subscales.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to cross culturally adapt the FAAM into Greek and assess for its validity, reliability and internal consistency.
Methods: A sample of 44 patients (24 female, 18-69 years, 76.2+9.9 kgr, 1.64+0.11m) attending three outpatient clinics participated in the study. The adaptation of FAAM into Greek (FAAM-GR) followed the guidelines for cross-cultural research tools. A number of validated into Greek questionnaires was also completed at all times FAAM-GR was administered: the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the VAS scale, the SF-12. Ethical approval was given by the Ethics Committee of the University of West Attica, Athens, Greece (Ref: 6/16-2-2018, 2nd topic). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach´s α and test-retest reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Validity was determined by calculating the Pearson´s r correlation coefficient between the FAAM and FFI, SF-12 (convergent) and the SFMPQ, TSK, VAS (divergent).
Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory for ADL (a = 0.96), and SPORTS subscale (r=0.91) for FAAM-GR. Convergent validity was very good between the FFI (r=0.61, p 0.05) and physical function component of SF-12 (ADL r=0.80, Sports r=0.74, p 0.05). Divergent validity was also evident by the non-significant relationships (p>0.05) between FAAM-GR and the VAS, TSK and SFMPQ. Test-retest reliability for every single item and the total score was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.93, with 95% CI: 0.89-0.96).
Conclusion(s): The Greek version of FAAM-GR was shown to be a valid, reliable and responsive tool to assess the painful foot problems in Greek outpatients.
Implications: The results for the FAAM-GR are comparable to the original and other versions of cultural adaptations in other languages, allowing for a direct comparison between data among the countries.
Keywords: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), foot problem, greek version
Funding acknowledgements: None
separately scored 21-item Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and 8-item Sports subscales.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to cross culturally adapt the FAAM into Greek and assess for its validity, reliability and internal consistency.
Methods: A sample of 44 patients (24 female, 18-69 years, 76.2+9.9 kgr, 1.64+0.11m) attending three outpatient clinics participated in the study. The adaptation of FAAM into Greek (FAAM-GR) followed the guidelines for cross-cultural research tools. A number of validated into Greek questionnaires was also completed at all times FAAM-GR was administered: the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), the VAS scale, the SF-12. Ethical approval was given by the Ethics Committee of the University of West Attica, Athens, Greece (Ref: 6/16-2-2018, 2nd topic). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach´s α and test-retest reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Validity was determined by calculating the Pearson´s r correlation coefficient between the FAAM and FFI, SF-12 (convergent) and the SFMPQ, TSK, VAS (divergent).
Results: Internal consistency was satisfactory for ADL (a = 0.96), and SPORTS subscale (r=0.91) for FAAM-GR. Convergent validity was very good between the FFI (r=0.61, p 0.05) and physical function component of SF-12 (ADL r=0.80, Sports r=0.74, p 0.05). Divergent validity was also evident by the non-significant relationships (p>0.05) between FAAM-GR and the VAS, TSK and SFMPQ. Test-retest reliability for every single item and the total score was also satisfactory (ICC = 0.93, with 95% CI: 0.89-0.96).
Conclusion(s): The Greek version of FAAM-GR was shown to be a valid, reliable and responsive tool to assess the painful foot problems in Greek outpatients.
Implications: The results for the FAAM-GR are comparable to the original and other versions of cultural adaptations in other languages, allowing for a direct comparison between data among the countries.
Keywords: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), foot problem, greek version
Funding acknowledgements: None
Topic: Pain & pain management; Outcome measurement; Musculoskeletal
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
Ethics committee: Ethics Research Committee
Ethics number: 2nd topic, 6/16-02-2018
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
