This study aimed to investigate the associations between different PA patterns, including WW and RA, and the risk of developing kidney diseases (AKI, CKD, and KC). Specifically, it sought to evaluate the protective effects of these PA patterns at varying levels of weekly MVPA accumulation and their dose-response relationships with kidney disease incidence.
This study utilized data from 88,913 participants in the UK Biobank. Participants were classified into three groups based on their weekly accumulation of MVPA: WW, RA, or inactive. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of kidney diseases, adjusting for potential confounders. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to assess cumulative disease incidence, while restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine nonlinear dose-response relationships between MVPA and kidney disease risk.
Both the WW and RA groups demonstrated significantly lower risks of all-cause kidney disease compared to the inactive group across various MVPA thresholds, including the guideline-recommended 150 minutes per week. At this threshold, the HR for kidney disease in the WW group was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.64–0.73) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.64–0.75) in the RA group (P 0.001 for both). Similar risk reductions were observed across the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of MVPA. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent protective effects of both WW and RA patterns for AKI and CKD, while only the WW pattern was associated with reduced KC risk. The kernel density plot revealed that the WW group concentrated most of their MVPA on two days, while the RA group distributed their activity more evenly throughout the week. Inactive participants required a greater concentration (70%) of MVPA on two days to lower kidney disease risk, compared to 60% for active participants. RCS analysis indicated a nonlinear inverse relationship between MVPA and kidney disease risk, with diminishing returns beyond 228 minutes per week. No significant nonlinear relationship was observed for MVPA and KC risk.
Both WW and RA PA patterns are associated with a reduced risk of developing kidney disease, particularly AKI and CKD. No significant difference in protective efficacy was observed between the two PA patterns. Additionally, inactive individuals need a higher concentration of PA to achieve similar risk reductions.
Public health guidelines should continue promoting the accumulation of PA, whether over the weekend or distributed regularly, as both patterns confer significant protective benefits. However, beyond a certain threshold, further increases in PA may provide limited additional protection against kidney disease. Tailored interventions may be needed for inactive individuals to optimize their kidney health.
kidney disease
MVPA
