BEST PRACTICES IN THE DESIGN OF INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS TO SUPPORT ONLINE PHYSIOTHERAPY EDUCATION: A SCOPING REVIEW

T. van der Stockt^1,2, S. Cunningham^1,3

¹Physiopedia, London, United Kingdom, ²University of St. Augustine, Health Sciences, St. Augustine, United States, ³Radford University, Virginia, United States

Background: Instructional videos are reported to be an excellent mode for asynchronous online learning by allowing students to learn when and where they want and at their own speed. Videos are an evolving tool in education and widely used within physiotherapy education, yet, the best practices for creating and using videos in physiotherapy education are not explored in detail in the literature. However, relevant research exists within other professions that can guide the design of physiotherapy instructional videos. Video-based learning in this context is defined as the learning process through which specific knowledge is acquired, as well as developing competencies and skills through the systematic assistance provided by the resources of the video.

Purpose: The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the literature on best practices in the design and delivery of instructional videos to aid learning and engagement within asynchronous, online physiotherapy education.

Methods: Peer-reviewed articles were identified in a search of several databases: the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, ERIC and Google Scholar. Articles and authors mentioned in peer-reviewed articles were also further investigated for inclusion purposes. Studies were selected to describe the use of instructional videos for entry-level or post-professional education of allied health professionals. Authors, year of publication (2016-2021), publication type or source, methodology, conceptual approach, and practical approach guided the data extraction. Thematic Analysis was used to explore themes. The constant comparative method was used for primary coding followed by secondary cycle coding to identify patterns and themes. Statements with similar characteristics were coded and grouped into categories. As the themes emerged, the final themes were applied to all articles to ensure it represented the data.

Results: A total of 40 peer-reviewed articles were included in the review which included research studies, a literature review, a systematic review, a qualitative review, and a book chapter. Themes related to practices in creating instructional videos to enhance learning encompassed: 1) pedagogy and instructional design, 2) video duration and segmenting, 3) signalling, 4) presentation slides, images, and animation, 5) dynamic drawings or writing, 6) narration, 7) subtitles, 8) media control, 9) video speed, and 10) demonstrations.

Conclusions: In this scoping review, literature from different professions was collated to give best practice guidance to instructors wishing to create instructional videos. Pedagogy and instructional design are the main factors in the successful development of efficacious videos, as it predicts the success of the video and the course. When instructional videos support learning activities, they provide active learning opportunities for learners, which increases their engagement.

Implications: Numerous strategies exist to improve learning and interactivity that could be applied to physiotherapy instructional videos. An outline of these best practices with practical implementation strategies will be presented to allow physiotherapists currently providing online education or interested in online instruction to create professional videos to meet the objectives of their course.

Funding acknowledgements: No funding

Keywords:
Video
Instruction
Asynchronous

Topics:
Education: methods of teaching & learning
Education: continuing professional development
Education

Did this work require ethics approval? No

Reason: This study does not require ethical approval as the information presented is freely available in the public domain and does not involve the direct evaluation of people, animals or biological tissues. This was purely a literature scoping review.