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Mármora C.H.C.1, Guilarducci F.D.S.1, Rabelo P.C.M.2, Caruso M.F.B.3, Valverde R.V.2, Loures L.F.4, Delgado F.E.F.5
1Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Physical Therapy Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy of the Elderly, Adult, Maternal and Child Health, Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Institute of Arts and Design, Music Department, Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 3University Salgado de Oliveira (UNIVERSO), Department of Physiotherapy, Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 4Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Physical Therapy Faculty, Department of Foundations, Methods and Resources in Physical Therapy, Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 5University Presidente Antonio Carlos/ Juiz de Fora, Department of Physiotherapy, Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Background: The anxiety within the musical performance is defined as a complex disturbance which affects individuals like speakers, announcers, sportsmen and musicians. The main symptons are palpitations, shortness of breath, blurred vision, dry lips, hand sweating, and specially an increase the muscular tension that result in the decreasing of fine motor skills. These reactions are extremely prejudicial within a performance, which requires an attentive mind as well as a relaxed body. Preventing or treating disorders like anxiety using technologies such as imagery and biofeedback aimed at functional and mental health is an important aspect of the physiotherapist work.
Purpose: Compare the quality of musical performance and the level of music students anxiety through the technique, musicality, pitch, sound quality, phrasing and rhythm before the intervention sessions (pre-training) and after 16 sessions of intervention (post-training) using biofeedback and musical imagery.
Methods: The study was longitudinal and experimental. The sample was fifteen students from the music course at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora in these modalities: guitar, cello, violin and piano. They were randomly selected three groups, two of intervention and a control group. Initially, the students were filmed featuring a musical performance. Then each student answered the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for analysis of anxiety pre-training musical performance. Each student also received the Studies Diary (SD), which should note the number of hours studied per day. After recording and initial applications of the questionnaires, students were trained as draw in one of the techniques (biofeedback or musical imagery) for 16 sessions. The control group received no training, but also filled the SD. Upon completion of sixteen sessions, a second recording was made, reapplied the BAI and them delivered SD. The recordings were analyzed for quality performance by three music teachers. Through SD was added the number of hours studied by students for two months (time of completion of the training sessions). The initial and final scores of the BAI was used to test whether there was a reduction in the level of anxiety.
Results: The results show that 92.9% of students had their anxiety levels decreased in the post-training in absolute values, and this improvement in the intervention groups compared to control. However there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The biofeedback training have indicates potential for improvement for technical questions (14.3%) and sound quality (7.1%). The training with the musical imagery indicates have the potential to improve technique (14.3%), musicality (21.4%), pitch (14.3%), phrasing (21.4%) and rhythm (7.1%).
Conclusion(s): It is concluded that the combination of biofeedback and musical imagery assisting individuals with anxiety in musical performance activities, reducing their anxiety levels and thereby improving the quality of performance. It is necessary that further studies on reducing anxiety levels in different roles will be realized in Physiotherapy Services.
Implications: This study can be a precursor to further research aimed at functional and mental health of a population often considered "not sick patient" it does not have physical disabilities, but are vulnerable to physical and mental occupational risk activities.
Funding acknowledgements: Acknowledgements to National Council for Scientific and Technological (CNPq); Development and Foundations for Supporting Research of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).
Topic: Health promotion & wellbeing/healthy ageing
Ethics approval: The research was approved by the Ethics Research Committee of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (number 1254494).
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
