This study aims to explore the characteristics and factors that influence the integration of foreign-trained physical therapists into the U.S. healthcare system. By identifying the obstacles faced by these professionals, the research seeks to provide insights that could facilitate smoother integration processes and more effective utilization of international talent in the healthcare workforce.
A comprehensive questionnaire was designed and distributed to 2,500 foreign-trained physical therapists who are currently licensed and practicing in the United States. The survey included four sections: (1) demographic data and entry-level education, (2) current practice settings, (3) attempts to pass the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) for licensure, and (4) factors influencing their current employment choices. Data collection took place from 2021 to 2024, allowing for a detailed analysis of the experiences of foreign-trained therapists in the U.S. healthcare system.
From the 2,500 distributed questionnaires, 1,823 responses were received. After excluding incomplete submissions, 1,769 responses were included in the analysis. The demographic profile of the respondents revealed that 58.9% were female, with a mean age of 29.3 years (± 3.8). The majority of respondents were from India (38.6%), followed by the Philippines (29.3%), Egypt (12%), and Nigeria (9.4%). 57.7% held a Bachelor of Physical Therapy degree from their home country, while 27.3% had attained higher degrees, frequently from U.S. institutions. The study revealed 53% of respondents failed their first NPTE attempt. In terms of practice settings, most respondents were employed in skilled nursing facilities (58%), with others working in outpatient clinics (28.9%) and inpatient settings (4.3%). Factors influencing employment choices included the efficiency of the credentialing process (57.8%), visa sponsorship availability (18.1%), and the alignment of job requirements with their professional skills (13%).
The study highlights that despite their qualifications, foreign-trained physical therapists often face substantial challenges in passing the NPTE, necessitating multiple attempts. Employment preferences are heavily influenced by the procedural ease of credentialing and visa availability rather than a direct match of skills with job requirements.
The findings highlight the need for policy reforms to enhance the integration of foreign-trained physical therapists, thereby addressing the healthcare workforce shortage more effectively. Simplifying the credentialing process and improving visa sponsorship mechanisms could help in utilizing their expertise. Such changes would not only address workforce gaps but also enhance workplace diversity and expand the reach of physical therapy services. Future research can focus on identifying specific barriers to the professional growth of foreign-trained therapists and developing strategies to overcome these obstacles, ultimately contributing to a more effective and inclusive healthcare system.
Diversity
Employment
