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Marques A1,2, Paixão C1,2, Rebelo P1,2, Jácome C1,3, Cruz J1,4, Rua M5, Loureiro H2, Freitas C3, Oliveira A1,2
1University of Aveiro, Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences, Aveiro, Portugal, 2University of Aveiro, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Aveiro, Portugal, 3University of Porto, CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal, 4Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Leiria, Portugal, 5University of Aveiro, Research Centre on Didactics and Technology in the Education of Trainers - CIDTFF, Aveiro, Portugal
Background: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is a key evidence-based intervention in the management of chronic respiratory diseases. Nevertheless, it is still highly inaccessible and underutilised by patients, as most PR programmes are directed to patients with advanced disease and/or held on a hospital-basis. There is an urgent need to increase access to PR and therefore, new intervention models that can be more inclusive and closer to patients' homes have been recommended.
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a community-based PR programme in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Patients were recruited from primary health care centres. Patients enrolled in a 12-week community-based PR programme of exercise training, twice a week, and education and psychosocial support, once every other week. Outcome measures used to assess effectiveness of the programme were collected pre/post PR. Dyspnoea during activities was collected with the modified medical research council-dyspnoea scale (mMRC); anxiety and depression symptoms with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); health-related quality of life with the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) with a handheld dynamometer; functionality with the 1-minute sit-to-stand (1-minSTS); exercise tolerance with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and functional balance with the Brief Balance Evaluation System Test (Brief-BESTest). Differences were examined using the Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon test, according to data normality, and effect sizes (ES) were calculated. For the measures with an established minimal clinically important difference (MCID), an analysis of the number of patients that improved above that value was conducted.
Results: Fifty-six patients (36 male; 67.0±10.3years; 56.8±3.2% FEV1%predicted) with COPD (n=37), asthma (n=11), asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (n=2), interstitial lung disease (n=2), pneumonitis (n=2), pulmonary fibrosis (n=1), lung transplant due to COPD (n=1) and bronchiectasis (n=1) participated. After the PR programme, significant improvements were observed in the mMRC (2[0-4] vs. 1[0-3]; p≤0.001; ES=-0.49; 22 (39,3%) patients above the MCID); HADS Anxiety (6.5±3.5 vs. 5.7±3.4;p=0.042; ES=-0.23; 23 (41,1%) patients above the MCID) and HADS Depression (6.6±4.1 vs. 5.8±3.8; p=0.113; ES=-0.19; 23 (41,1%) patients above the MCID); SGRQ total score (46.5±19.0 vs. 38.4±16.5; p≤0.001; ES=-0.45; 35 (62,5%) patients above the MCID); QMS (29.3±7.5 vs. 32.9±7.6Kgf; p≤0.001; ES=0.48); 1-minSTS (26±10 vs. 30±11 repetitions; p≤0.001; ES=0.38; 26 (46,4%) patients above the MCID), 6MWT (400.8±116.9 vs. 455.8±118.5m; p≤0.001; ES=0.47; 40 (71,4%) patients above the MCID), Brief-BESTest (17.2±5.0 vs. post 20.2±3.3; p≤0.001; ES=0.70; 13 (23,2%) patients above the MCID).
Conclusion(s): Community-based PR programmes are feasible and effective to conduct in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, providing similar benefits for symptoms, health-related quality of life, lower limb muscle strength, functionality, exercise tolerance and balance to those well-established for PR programmes carried out in hospital outpatient settings.
Implications: Community-based PR programmes are a feasible and effective way of increasing access to a fundamental intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
Keywords: pulmonary rehabilitation, community-based, chronic respiratory diseases
Funding acknowledgements: SAICT-POL/23926/2016, FEDER-Comissão Diretiva do Programa Operacional Regional do Centro, FCT and POCI, through COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016701) and FCT (UID/BIM/04501/2013-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628- iBiMED).
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a community-based PR programme in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Patients were recruited from primary health care centres. Patients enrolled in a 12-week community-based PR programme of exercise training, twice a week, and education and psychosocial support, once every other week. Outcome measures used to assess effectiveness of the programme were collected pre/post PR. Dyspnoea during activities was collected with the modified medical research council-dyspnoea scale (mMRC); anxiety and depression symptoms with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); health-related quality of life with the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) with a handheld dynamometer; functionality with the 1-minute sit-to-stand (1-minSTS); exercise tolerance with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and functional balance with the Brief Balance Evaluation System Test (Brief-BESTest). Differences were examined using the Student's t-test or the Wilcoxon test, according to data normality, and effect sizes (ES) were calculated. For the measures with an established minimal clinically important difference (MCID), an analysis of the number of patients that improved above that value was conducted.
Results: Fifty-six patients (36 male; 67.0±10.3years; 56.8±3.2% FEV1%predicted) with COPD (n=37), asthma (n=11), asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (n=2), interstitial lung disease (n=2), pneumonitis (n=2), pulmonary fibrosis (n=1), lung transplant due to COPD (n=1) and bronchiectasis (n=1) participated. After the PR programme, significant improvements were observed in the mMRC (2[0-4] vs. 1[0-3]; p≤0.001; ES=-0.49; 22 (39,3%) patients above the MCID); HADS Anxiety (6.5±3.5 vs. 5.7±3.4;p=0.042; ES=-0.23; 23 (41,1%) patients above the MCID) and HADS Depression (6.6±4.1 vs. 5.8±3.8; p=0.113; ES=-0.19; 23 (41,1%) patients above the MCID); SGRQ total score (46.5±19.0 vs. 38.4±16.5; p≤0.001; ES=-0.45; 35 (62,5%) patients above the MCID); QMS (29.3±7.5 vs. 32.9±7.6Kgf; p≤0.001; ES=0.48); 1-minSTS (26±10 vs. 30±11 repetitions; p≤0.001; ES=0.38; 26 (46,4%) patients above the MCID), 6MWT (400.8±116.9 vs. 455.8±118.5m; p≤0.001; ES=0.47; 40 (71,4%) patients above the MCID), Brief-BESTest (17.2±5.0 vs. post 20.2±3.3; p≤0.001; ES=0.70; 13 (23,2%) patients above the MCID).
Conclusion(s): Community-based PR programmes are feasible and effective to conduct in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, providing similar benefits for symptoms, health-related quality of life, lower limb muscle strength, functionality, exercise tolerance and balance to those well-established for PR programmes carried out in hospital outpatient settings.
Implications: Community-based PR programmes are a feasible and effective way of increasing access to a fundamental intervention for patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
Keywords: pulmonary rehabilitation, community-based, chronic respiratory diseases
Funding acknowledgements: SAICT-POL/23926/2016, FEDER-Comissão Diretiva do Programa Operacional Regional do Centro, FCT and POCI, through COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016701) and FCT (UID/BIM/04501/2013-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628- iBiMED).
Topic: Cardiorespiratory
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Administração Regional de Saúde do Centro
Ethics committee: Administração Regional de Saúde do Centro
Ethics number: ref. 73/2016
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
