This study aimed to evaluate the content validity and feasibility of the PALS Questionnaire in Filipino and English.
This study utilized a methodological research design to determine the questionnaire’s content validity and feasibility. The questionnaire was informed by the results of a scoping review, focus group discussions with experts in physical activity promotion for CWD, and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior (COM-B) Model. Content validation involved six experts who rated the relevance of the survey items. The level of agreement among experts (modified kappa k*) and content validity indices (CVI) were computed. The questionnaire items were revised and then pilot tested among 11 primary carers and special education teachers and administrators. Three methods of administration were piloted: online, phone interview, and pen-and-paper. Participants of the pilot testing provided feedback about clarity of items, format and mode of administration, length and ease of completion, and other issues encountered during completion.
Filipino and English versions of the PALS Questionnaire were developed. The questionnaire measures the extent of agreement of key influencers, based on a four-point Likert scale, with statements that explore their perceptions, capabilities (knowledge and skills), opportunities (external factors), and motivations (internal processes and factors) in promoting active, healthy lifestyle among CWD. Scale-level CVI was excellent (0.96 - 0.97) and item-level CVI ranged between 0.67 and 1.00. Agreement among raters on item relevance was excellent (k* =0.82 - 1.00), except for the item on teaching assistants (k* = 0.56). Results of the pilot testing showed that items were easy to understand, and the questionnaire can be completed in 30 minutes. The online version of the questionnaire was preferred. The final version of the primary carer questionnaire comprises 57 items while the special education teacher and administrator questionnaire comprises 55 items.
The PALS Questionnaire is a valid and useful instrument to explore the perceptions and physical activity-promoting behaviors of Filipino primary carers and educators.
Use of the PALS Questionnaire could provide data to inform initiatives aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle and better quality of life among CWD through physical activity. By understanding the perceptions of key influencers about their roles, capabilities, opportunities and motivations, physiotherapists who work in physical activity promotion for CWD may develop and implement appropriate and effective strategies to better support primary carers and educators in active, healthy lifestyle promotion.
health promotion
inclusive health
