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Schulz C1, Radovanović G1, Agres A2, Bachmann-van Helt M3, Nobis T1, Evans M4, Legerlotz K1
1Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sport Sciences, Berlin, Germany, 2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany, 3Cornelsen Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 4Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Mathematics, Berlin, Germany
Background: Overhead athletes are at high risk to develop upper extremity injuries due to repetitive throwing and/or high impacts acting on elbow and shoulder joints. The current paradigm shift from the biomedical focus to the biopsychosocial focus highlighted the importance of patient-oriented outcome measures as common component of assessment in sports medicine and orthopedics. The early detection of subtle limitations may improve clinical outcome by initiating appropriate therapeutic management. Existing shoulder and elbow scoring systems generally investigate activities of daily living. However, overhead athletes usually notice symptoms or discomfort during sport specific loading only. The Kerlan - Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score by Alberta et al. (2010) is the first valid and reliable patient-administered questionnaire to measure the functional status of the upper extremity in the overhead athlete. No comparable assessment tool exists in German.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a German version of the KJOC-score through translation and cross-cultural adaptation. In addition, validity and reliability of the questionnaire will be tested with German overhead athletes. Furthermore, normative KJOC-G data for several overhead sports will be established.
Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed in five stages (translations, synthesis, back translations, expert committee review, pretesting) according to guidelines proposed by Beaton et al (2000). The pre-final version was tested in a pilot study with 10 overhead athletes. A total of 100-120 healthy and injured overhead athletes (Handball, Volleyball, Tennis, Waterpolo, Badminton and Basketball) are currently completing the KJOC-G (twice within two weeks) and the DASH (Disabilities of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand). The internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity and feasibility of the KJOC-G will be tested.
Results: The translation and adaptation process included several linguistic and cultural adaptations without changing the basic approach of the original questionnaire. The pre-final questionnaire reached high acceptancy within the athletes of the pilot study. The average time to complete the questionnaire was 5:18 ± 1:58 min.
Conclusion(s): Patient-oriented outcome measures are a helpful tool contributing to the assessment and detection of sports related personal injury risk in overhead athletes. The results of the pilot study suggest that the German version of the KJOC performs in a similar way to the English version.
Implications: The KJOC-G can be applied by medical personnel, coaches and athletes to identify functional impairments, to monitor treatment and rehabilitation effectiveness and to evaluate return-to-sport after injuries in overhead athletes.
Keywords: Patient-reported outcome, Assessment, Questionnaire
Funding acknowledgements: The funding for this project is provided by a scholarship of the FAZIT- Foundation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop a German version of the KJOC-score through translation and cross-cultural adaptation. In addition, validity and reliability of the questionnaire will be tested with German overhead athletes. Furthermore, normative KJOC-G data for several overhead sports will be established.
Methods: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed in five stages (translations, synthesis, back translations, expert committee review, pretesting) according to guidelines proposed by Beaton et al (2000). The pre-final version was tested in a pilot study with 10 overhead athletes. A total of 100-120 healthy and injured overhead athletes (Handball, Volleyball, Tennis, Waterpolo, Badminton and Basketball) are currently completing the KJOC-G (twice within two weeks) and the DASH (Disabilities of the Shoulder, Arm and Hand). The internal consistency, reliability, construct validity, discriminant validity and feasibility of the KJOC-G will be tested.
Results: The translation and adaptation process included several linguistic and cultural adaptations without changing the basic approach of the original questionnaire. The pre-final questionnaire reached high acceptancy within the athletes of the pilot study. The average time to complete the questionnaire was 5:18 ± 1:58 min.
Conclusion(s): Patient-oriented outcome measures are a helpful tool contributing to the assessment and detection of sports related personal injury risk in overhead athletes. The results of the pilot study suggest that the German version of the KJOC performs in a similar way to the English version.
Implications: The KJOC-G can be applied by medical personnel, coaches and athletes to identify functional impairments, to monitor treatment and rehabilitation effectiveness and to evaluate return-to-sport after injuries in overhead athletes.
Keywords: Patient-reported outcome, Assessment, Questionnaire
Funding acknowledgements: The funding for this project is provided by a scholarship of the FAZIT- Foundation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Topic: Sport & sports injuries; Outcome measurement; Musculoskeletal: upper limb
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Ethics committee: Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Ethics number: HU-KSBF-EK_2018_0007
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
