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Radwan REM1, Elhafez YM2, Abdelmohsen AM1, Abdelraouf OR1, Ashour AA3, Elhafez NM4, Elhafez SM1
1Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Biomechanics, Giza, Egypt, 2Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Industrial Design, Giza, Egypt, 3Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Biomechanics, October City, Egypt, 4Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Basic Sciences, Giza, Egypt
Background: Despite achieving the feeling of belonging to the user, many individuals will still make adjustment to the design. Exploring user adjustments assists in developing a product and makes it more comfortable. Comfortable foot wear design may influence foot pressure distribution and in turn affects spine mechanics. Ped CAD (Computer-Aided Design) scanner is one of the modern technology which helps in designing customized foot wear.
Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to use computer aided technology in order to design customized foot wear insole, and to explore its effectiveness on the spinal parameters (spine posture) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
Methods: Thirty patients with AIS (19 females, 11 males) with mean age of 16.5± 1.97 years, body mass of 65.93± 5.72 kg, and height of 1.66± 0.06 m participated in this study. Customized foot wear design process started from static and dynamic foot pressure distribution measurement by Ped CAD foot scanner and foot pressure mat. These data and the spinal angles data were used to manufacture the customized foot wear insole. The technology used in this study is Additive Manufacturing AM (3D printing process) which is the new catch-all term for the range of technologies that add materials layer by layer, guided by a software program that renders from a 3D image. It enables the product to be individualized and adapted. It makes the production of unique foot wear much easier. Each patient was asked to wear the customized foot wear insole at the beginning for at least 4 hours/day and to be increased gradually as tolerated to allow for foot and body adaptations to the new situation. The measured parameters were radiographic cobb's angle and raster-streographic scoliotic angle, kyphotic angle, and lordotic angle. These data were collected before wearing the insole and after three weeks of wearing the customized foot wear insole and then compared for statistical difference. This study was conducted with the help of a team of physiotherapists, industrial designer, ergonomists and orthotic specialists.
Results: One way within subject MANOVA revealed that all measured spinal parameters decreased significantly (p 0.05) after using the customized foot wear insole. Moderate positive correlations were found between X-ray cobb's angles and scoliotic angles as measured by DIERS Formetric 4D.
Conclusion(s): AM potentially enables the foot wear insole design to be individually constructed for the user based on their foot shape, pressure distribution and desired comfort. Customized foot wear insole based on plantar pressure distribution measurements are effective in improving spine alignment in patients with AIS.
Implications: The design of customized product must fit user´s requirements to reach the expectations. By including users in product design process we guide users to create their own unique product. This concept known as user-centered design methods. A simple, relatively cheap and non-invasive intervention for curvature correction in patients with AIS reduces the future need for surgery.
Keywords: Individual design, Idiopathic scoliosis, CAD Modeling
Funding acknowledgements: No fund.
Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to use computer aided technology in order to design customized foot wear insole, and to explore its effectiveness on the spinal parameters (spine posture) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
Methods: Thirty patients with AIS (19 females, 11 males) with mean age of 16.5± 1.97 years, body mass of 65.93± 5.72 kg, and height of 1.66± 0.06 m participated in this study. Customized foot wear design process started from static and dynamic foot pressure distribution measurement by Ped CAD foot scanner and foot pressure mat. These data and the spinal angles data were used to manufacture the customized foot wear insole. The technology used in this study is Additive Manufacturing AM (3D printing process) which is the new catch-all term for the range of technologies that add materials layer by layer, guided by a software program that renders from a 3D image. It enables the product to be individualized and adapted. It makes the production of unique foot wear much easier. Each patient was asked to wear the customized foot wear insole at the beginning for at least 4 hours/day and to be increased gradually as tolerated to allow for foot and body adaptations to the new situation. The measured parameters were radiographic cobb's angle and raster-streographic scoliotic angle, kyphotic angle, and lordotic angle. These data were collected before wearing the insole and after three weeks of wearing the customized foot wear insole and then compared for statistical difference. This study was conducted with the help of a team of physiotherapists, industrial designer, ergonomists and orthotic specialists.
Results: One way within subject MANOVA revealed that all measured spinal parameters decreased significantly (p 0.05) after using the customized foot wear insole. Moderate positive correlations were found between X-ray cobb's angles and scoliotic angles as measured by DIERS Formetric 4D.
Conclusion(s): AM potentially enables the foot wear insole design to be individually constructed for the user based on their foot shape, pressure distribution and desired comfort. Customized foot wear insole based on plantar pressure distribution measurements are effective in improving spine alignment in patients with AIS.
Implications: The design of customized product must fit user´s requirements to reach the expectations. By including users in product design process we guide users to create their own unique product. This concept known as user-centered design methods. A simple, relatively cheap and non-invasive intervention for curvature correction in patients with AIS reduces the future need for surgery.
Keywords: Individual design, Idiopathic scoliosis, CAD Modeling
Funding acknowledgements: No fund.
Topic: Disability & rehabilitation; Musculoskeletal: spine
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
Ethics committee: Ethical Committee of Faculty of Physical Therapy
Ethics number: P.T. REC/012/00449
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
