This study aims to assess the effectiveness of HB-PFMR in reducing the severity, frequency, and volume of urinary leakage among women with UI in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Further objectives are to investigate the HB-PFMR's effect on the QoL among women with UI.
A quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test study. A convenient sample of 62 women with UI who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the study group receiving HB-PFMR (n=32) and the control group receiving the routine Kegel exercise (n=30). The study group underwent HB-PFMR, consisting of five different Kegel exercises and five functional approach exercises performed daily. In contrast, the control group performed routine Kegel exercises twice daily, with 25 repetitions per session. Both groups participated twice weekly and had live training sessions for over a month. Women were monitored through log sheets and daily communication. Both groups were reassessed for UI severity, frequency, volume, and QoL before and after the treatment.
Overall, the study group demonstrated significant improvements in managing UI. A substantial reduction in the severity of urinary leakage was noted, decreasing from 34.4% at baseline to just 3.1% post-study. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in the frequency of urinary leakage as women who practiced HB-PFMR reported no UI increased from 0% at baseline to 53.1% post-intervention compared to none in the control group. The study group also experienced a reduction in leakage volume from 18.8% reporting large amounts of leakage pre-intervention to 0% post-intervention. Additionally, 56.2% of the study group reported no bladder problems post-intervention, compared to only 13.3% in the control group (p=0.003).
It is concluded that HB-PFMR is an effective non-pharmacological intervention in reducing the severity, frequency, and volume of urinary leakage among women with UI and their overall QoL. This study highlights the need for integrating physiotherapy interventions like HB-PFMR into standard care as an evidence-based practice for women with UI, potentially shaping future healthcare strategies in the Kingdom of Bahrain and beyond.
Future research should focus on long-term studies to assess the sustained effects of HB-PFMR, compare its effectiveness with other non-invasive treatments, and develop tailored educational programs. Additionally, incorporating technology like mobile apps, biofeedback, and wearable devices could improve adherence and outcomes.
Implication for Physiotherapists
The HB-PFMR program focuses on the principle of exercise specificity, targeting pelvic floor muscles to improve bladder control and functional stability through tailored exercises, leading to specific muscle adaptations.
Economic Implications
HB-PFMR offers significant cost savings by reducing the need for frequent medical appointments, surgeries, and travel. It also improves quality of life by minimizing financial and psychosocial burdens related to urinary incontinence.
Strategic Implications in Bahrain
Bahrain's small geographic size and cultural preference for home-based care make HB-PFMR an efficient and cost-effective solution for managing urinary incontinence, aligning with the country’s healthcare goals of preventive care and long-term management.
Pelvic Floor Disorder
Urinary incontinence
