Effect of Individualized Square Stepping Exercise on Balance in Older Adults with Dementia

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week individualized SSE program on balance in older adults with dementia.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week individualized SSE program on balance in older adults with dementia.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 24 elderly individuals with dementia from a northern Taiwanese day care facility. Participants were randomly assigned to either an SSE group (n=12) or a control group (n=12). The SSE group and control group participated in twice-weekly, 40-minute sessions over 8 weeks, totaling 16 sessions each. The SSE group engaged in individualized SSE, while the control group performed resistance training. Assessments of balance, functional mobility, and quality of life were performed before and after the intervention, as well as one month post-intervention.

Both groups demonstrated notable enhancements in Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go Test (p=0.040 and p=0.039, respectively). Importantly, these improvements were sustained for at least one month post-training (p0.05). A significant time-by-group interaction was observed (p=0.021) in 10-Meter Walk Test. The SSE group exhibited significant improvements in walking speed, while the control group showed no substantial changes. The SSE group demonstrated significant progress in 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (p=0.003). In contrast, the control group did not show significant improvements. Both groups reported significant enhancements in their quality of life following the training period (p0.001).

The 8-week individualized SSE is a promising intervention for improving balance, functional mobility, and quality of life in older adults with dementia. The sustained improvements observed a month post-intervention suggest potential long-term benefits, which could contribute to fall prevention and maintenance of independence in this vulnerable population.

This study suggests that individualized SSE could be a valuable addition to care programs for older adults with dementia, potentially contributing to fall prevention and maintenance of independence. Healthcare providers and caregivers should consider incorporating SSE or similar structured, individualized physical activity programs into the care of older adults with dementia.