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E. Burgos García1
1Volunteer, Valladolid, Spain
Background: Preterm newborn is reffering to kids who birth with less of 37 weeks of gestional age. Currently, 15 million of preterm neborn in the world, were born per year, being between 5-18% of total birth. At this moment, the technological development makes that preterm survivors increase even with less gestional age. One of the main causes of mortality prematures is respiratory distress syndrome, caused by an inmature lung. The typical treatment consits in apply surfactant and ventilatory support, however, in the last years, the chest physiotherapy has appeared in the neonatal intensive care units such as another option treatment in this pathology. Main techniques of chest physiotherapy in that cases are bronquial drainage and reflex-rolling of Vojta.
Purpose: Collect the scientific evidence of the effects of the different physiotherapy techniques which exists at this moment and treating preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome.
Methods: In based on PRISMA declaration, selection criteria was experimental and oservational studies about newborns with respiratory distress syndrome and with treating of physiotherapy, published between 2010 and 2019. Evaluating of the methodologic quality was made by Jadad scale in experimental studies and STROBE declaration in observational studies.
Results: Only 12 results of 798 initial, was included in this review. Just one of the experimental studies obtained an acceptable methodologic quality. The main physiotherapy techniques used in these patients are vibration, percussion, postural drainage, change of body positions, reflex-rolling, lung squeeze technique, corporal harmonization and the propioceptive stimulation. Most of studies observed the effect of physiotherapy through the oxygen saturation and cardiac and respiratory rate, demonstrating positive results and improvemt. Also, all included studies afirmed the incapacity of physiotherapy techniques to hurt preterm newborns.
Conclusion(s): At present, the chest physiotherapy techniques are safe and have benefits to preterm newborn with respiratory distress syndrome. The modern techniques are more effectiveness and even could have more benefits than traditional, especially if they are combined. Despite, they are necessary future researches with a higher level of methodologic quality wich show a more equal treatment in this pathology to improve the currently scientific evidence.
Implications: We need to create an only way of physical therapy treatment, applying one modern specific combined technique who improve the oxigen saturation and cardiac and respiratory rates, speeding up the process of surfactant apply and reducing the time of preterm in the intensive care units. The destiny will be, the raising awareness of physiotherapy as a necessary part of the multidisciplinary treatment in intensive care units and the demostrating the importance of physiotherapy in present pathologies of the population.
Funding, acknowledgements: The work was not funding
Keywords: physical therapy modalities, respiratory distress syndrome, preterm newborn
Topic: Paediatrics
Did this work require ethics approval? No
Institution: Universidad de León
Committee: Nursing and Physiotherapy Department
Reason: It is a systematic review realised to a final postgraduate work.
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
