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Erdoganoglu Y1, Sayaca C2, Calik M2, Noyan CO3, Cetin A3, Kaya Yertutanol FD3, Tascilar LN4, Kaya D2
1Uskudar University/Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Uskudar University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey, 3Uskudar University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey, 4Okan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey
Background: Substance use disorder is a crucial public health problem. It is known that both the sensory and motor components of the nervous system are affected depending on substance use disorder. It is also known that coordination and balance controlled by nervous system change negatively depending on substance use disorder. This study was designed with the assumption that possible reduction in plantar foot sensation of the individuals would negatively affect the balance depending on cortical influence and peripheral (especially sense) nervous system involvement and that fear of movement would develop in individuals depending on this.
Purpose: To investigate plantar foot sensation, balance and fear of movement in patients with substance use disorder without any neuropathic involvement and neurogenic findings.
Methods: 23 patients with substance use disorder aged between 20-39, who have been using one or more of cannabis, volatile substances and narcotic/stimulant substances for at least one year, and 20 volunteers aged between18-36, who did not have a story substance use, were included. The evaluations of the patients were implemented immediately after the detoxification process. Light touch sensation (Semmes Weinstein monofilament test), two-point discrimination sensation (Esthesiometer), and vibration sensation (128-Hz frequency diapason) were evaluated for plantar foot sensation after demographic information was recorded. The tests were performed with balance assessment software using the Fizyosoft balance board and force platform. Balance path, balance path distance, center of pressure (COPx ,COPy), xVAL, yVAL during eyes open and eyes closed were measured with balance device. Depression and state-trait anxiety scores and fear of movement levels of the participants were evaluated with Beck Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 1 and STAI 2) and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, respectively.
Results: Average scores of Beck Depression Scale, STAI 1, STAI 2, and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale of the patients with substance use disorders were 11.826±9.212, 46.956 ± 4.9311, 48.913 ± 6.0596, and 36.739 ± 8.164, respectively. There was a significant difference in two-point discrimination of the patients compared to healthy controls (p 0.05). Dominant, nondominant side comparisons of plantar foot sensation of the patients were not significant (p>0.05). Significant difference was found in balance values such as balance path, balance path distance of the patients during eyes open and in the values of COPy and yVAL of the patients during eyes closed compared to healthy controls (p 0.05). There was no significant difference in the balance values (COPx, xVAL) during eyes open and eyes closed (p>0.05).
Conclusion(s): Patients with substance use disorders didn't have clinically significant depressive state-trait anxiety, whereas the fear of movement was lower. There was a decline in the two-point discrimination and the balance in anteroposterior direction of the patients with substance use disorders.
Implications: It is suggested that nervous and musculoskeletal system problems of patients with substance use disorders should be assessed extensively and proper physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches should be added to treatment procedures of such patients.
Keywords: Substance use disorder, Plantar foot sensation, Balance
Funding acknowledgements: No financial support was received for this study.
Purpose: To investigate plantar foot sensation, balance and fear of movement in patients with substance use disorder without any neuropathic involvement and neurogenic findings.
Methods: 23 patients with substance use disorder aged between 20-39, who have been using one or more of cannabis, volatile substances and narcotic/stimulant substances for at least one year, and 20 volunteers aged between18-36, who did not have a story substance use, were included. The evaluations of the patients were implemented immediately after the detoxification process. Light touch sensation (Semmes Weinstein monofilament test), two-point discrimination sensation (Esthesiometer), and vibration sensation (128-Hz frequency diapason) were evaluated for plantar foot sensation after demographic information was recorded. The tests were performed with balance assessment software using the Fizyosoft balance board and force platform. Balance path, balance path distance, center of pressure (COPx ,COPy), xVAL, yVAL during eyes open and eyes closed were measured with balance device. Depression and state-trait anxiety scores and fear of movement levels of the participants were evaluated with Beck Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 1 and STAI 2) and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, respectively.
Results: Average scores of Beck Depression Scale, STAI 1, STAI 2, and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale of the patients with substance use disorders were 11.826±9.212, 46.956 ± 4.9311, 48.913 ± 6.0596, and 36.739 ± 8.164, respectively. There was a significant difference in two-point discrimination of the patients compared to healthy controls (p 0.05). Dominant, nondominant side comparisons of plantar foot sensation of the patients were not significant (p>0.05). Significant difference was found in balance values such as balance path, balance path distance of the patients during eyes open and in the values of COPy and yVAL of the patients during eyes closed compared to healthy controls (p 0.05). There was no significant difference in the balance values (COPx, xVAL) during eyes open and eyes closed (p>0.05).
Conclusion(s): Patients with substance use disorders didn't have clinically significant depressive state-trait anxiety, whereas the fear of movement was lower. There was a decline in the two-point discrimination and the balance in anteroposterior direction of the patients with substance use disorders.
Implications: It is suggested that nervous and musculoskeletal system problems of patients with substance use disorders should be assessed extensively and proper physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches should be added to treatment procedures of such patients.
Keywords: Substance use disorder, Plantar foot sensation, Balance
Funding acknowledgements: No financial support was received for this study.
Topic: Mental health; Musculoskeletal: lower limb; Neurology
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Uskudar University
Ethics committee: Non-Interventional Ethics Committee
Ethics number: 0.06/2016/173
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
