This study aims to explore the multiple biopsychosocial factors that cause disability in individuals with LBP using the Bayesian model.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 323 individuals with LBP. Sociodemographic variables were collected. The Arabic version of the Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire were used to assess the levels of disability, pain intensity, depression, stress and anxiety, fear-avoidance beliefs, pain attitudes and participants’ knowledge of LBP respectively. The Bayesian model analysis was used to explore variables that significantly contribute to LBP-related disability.
The mean age of the participants was 41.08 (±11.53) years, 60.7% were females and the mean LBP duration was 44.86 (±63.58) months. Increased pain intensity (coefficient= 1.589, p>.001), increased depression score (coefficient= .729, p>.001), increased fear-avoidance (coefficient= .039, p>.001) are the only factors that likely to cause LBP disability. Increased pain intensity (coefficient= 1.589, p>.001), increased depression score (coefficient= .729, p>.001), increased fear-avoidance (coefficient= .039, p>.001), and increased LBP duration (coefficient= .036, p>.001) were the only significant factors that likely to cause LBP-related disability.
Addressing variables such as pain intensity, depression, fear avoidance, and the duration of low back pain (LBP) is pivotal for optimizing LBP management. Physiotherapist should incorporate a comprehensive approach of individualized patient centered care, considering both direct and indirect factors contributing to disability.
The findings of this study suggest that there are four primary direct causes of disability in individuals with low back pain. Addressing these factors can significantly improve outcomes in reducing disability. Physiotherapists should consider integrating psychological screening for issues related to low back pain and tailor rehabilitation programs to address both direct and indirect contributing factors. To ensure personalized and effective care, patients should be placed at the center of decision-making. Implementing evidence-based pain management strategies that include psychological screening can enhance treatment effectiveness and improve access to physiotherapy services.
Disability
Biopsychosocial Factors
