This study provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiological trajectory of HIV/AIDS, the understanding of disability and functional manifestations, and the role of rehabilitation interventions over the past three decades. A review of the epidemiological trajectory of HIV/AIDS, the understanding of disability and functional manifestations, and the role of rehabilitation interventions over the past three decades is provided. It identifies key outcomes, and advancements in rehabilitation approaches and provides recommendations for future research.
A six-step scoping review approach was used. A comprehensive literature search on HIV, rehabilitation, and related topics from January 1990 to July 2024 was conducted, extracting information on the aetiology, disease presentation, and rehabilitation management for individuals living with HIV. Researchers conducted a preliminary analysis to delineate the emerging epistemological picture, summarizing key findings and recommendations.
A total of 581 articles were included in the review, focusing on impairment, disability, function, and rehabilitation in the context of HIV. The epidemiology of HIV has transitioned significantly from a fatal illness to a chronic condition. Rehabilitation approaches have emerged as crucial components across the continuum of care, addressing physical, cognitive, and mental health challenges associated with HIV. In the 1990s, research focused on understanding the presence of disability and physical impairments, such as neuropathies. A shift in emphasis in the early 2000s towards understanding cognitive impairments and mental health, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and depression related to HIV emerged. Between 2011 and 2020, research illuminated the effectiveness of physical activity, exercise interventions, and rehabilitation programs in improving immune, musculoskeletal, and metabolic health. Over time, the focus of rehabilitation has become more complex, addressing the primary, secondary, and tertiary needs of PLWH. In the last decade, research priorities have focused on ageing with HIV, the effectiveness of rehabilitation approaches in improving quality of life and function, and understanding the episodic nature of HIV-related disability.
Exercise interventions yielded significant benefits for PLWH across multiple health domains. The ageing HIV-positive population faces complex health issues requiring a multifaceted approach to care in order to address these challenges faced by PLWH through various phases of their life and the potential benefit of integrating holistic rehabilitation approaches.
Addressing the multifaceted interplay between HIV, ageing, and other HIV-related conditions is crucial.Designing and implementing contextually appropriate intervention programs tailored to enhance the overall health and quality of life for PLWH is a necessary focus.
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rehabilitation
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