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Nabil BA1, Ameer MA2, Abdelmohsen AM2, Hanafy AF2, Yamani AS2, Elhafez NM3, Elhafez SM2
1Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Biomechanics, October City, Egypt, 2Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Biomechanics, Giza, Egypt, 3Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Basic Sciences, Giza, Egypt
Background: Upper limb activities require a repetitive movement of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles.The malfunction of the proximal part of the upper limb kinetic chain tends to change the mechanics of the distal part and increase the risk of injuries.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the normalized eccentric peak torque (NEPT) of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles among healthy athletes and those with tennis elbow and golfer's elbow.
Methods: Thirty active male athletes participated voluntarily in this study. Participants were distributed into three treatment groups (healthy group, tennis elbow group, and golfer's elbow group). Normalized eccentric peak torque (NEPT) of dominant shoulder abductors and external rotators were measured for all participants at two testing velocities (60°/sec and 120°/sec). The Biodex Multi-Joint System (3) was used to measure the variables of interest.
Results: Two way mixed design MANOVA revealed that there was asignificant increase in the NEPT of shoulder abductors and external rotators in the healthy control group compared with both the tennis elbow and the golfer's elbow groups at an angular velocity of 60°/sec (p 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors at an angular velocity of 120°/sec in the healthy control group compared to tennis elbow group(p 0.05). There was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors at an angular velocity of 120°/sec in the golfer's elbow group compared to tennis elbow group (p 0.05).
Conclusion(s): Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are usually associated with decreasing NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors compared to those of healthy athletes.This tends to decrease the external stability of shoulder joint and put high stress on the distal joints of the upper kinetic chain.
Implications: Athletes who suffer from tennis elbow or golfer's elbow should improve their external shoulder muscles (abductors and external rotators) strength to provide good proximal shoulder external stability. This kind of stability tends to enhance distal mobility and protect the distal joint from any repetitive injuries that may affect the participation in any sports or conducting the activities of daily living.
Keywords: Tennis Elbow, Golfer's Elbow, Isokinetic
Funding acknowledgements: No Fund
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the normalized eccentric peak torque (NEPT) of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles among healthy athletes and those with tennis elbow and golfer's elbow.
Methods: Thirty active male athletes participated voluntarily in this study. Participants were distributed into three treatment groups (healthy group, tennis elbow group, and golfer's elbow group). Normalized eccentric peak torque (NEPT) of dominant shoulder abductors and external rotators were measured for all participants at two testing velocities (60°/sec and 120°/sec). The Biodex Multi-Joint System (3) was used to measure the variables of interest.
Results: Two way mixed design MANOVA revealed that there was asignificant increase in the NEPT of shoulder abductors and external rotators in the healthy control group compared with both the tennis elbow and the golfer's elbow groups at an angular velocity of 60°/sec (p 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors at an angular velocity of 120°/sec in the healthy control group compared to tennis elbow group(p 0.05). There was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors at an angular velocity of 120°/sec in the golfer's elbow group compared to tennis elbow group (p 0.05).
Conclusion(s): Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are usually associated with decreasing NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors compared to those of healthy athletes.This tends to decrease the external stability of shoulder joint and put high stress on the distal joints of the upper kinetic chain.
Implications: Athletes who suffer from tennis elbow or golfer's elbow should improve their external shoulder muscles (abductors and external rotators) strength to provide good proximal shoulder external stability. This kind of stability tends to enhance distal mobility and protect the distal joint from any repetitive injuries that may affect the participation in any sports or conducting the activities of daily living.
Keywords: Tennis Elbow, Golfer's Elbow, Isokinetic
Funding acknowledgements: No Fund
Topic: Sport & sports injuries; Musculoskeletal: upper limb
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt
Ethics committee: Ethical Committee of Faculty of Physical Therapy
Ethics number: P.T. REC/012/00468
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
