The primary reason for conducting this project was to analyze the relationship between muscle mass loss, handgrip strength, and fall risk in elderly Angolans. A secondary objective was to provide data to support public health interventions and rehabilitation strategies aimed at preventing sarcopenia-related issues.
This study employed a cross-sectional observational design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The sample consisted of 40 volunteers aged 60 or older, of both genders, residing in the capital of Angola. Data were collected using questionnaires, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the handgrip strength test, and calf circumference measurements. Elderly individuals who provided informed consent were included, while those not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded.
The main findings indicate that women had shorter average TUG times than men, with a moderate effect size. Handgrip strength varied significantly between men and women, particularly in the 60-69 age group. A positive and moderate correlation was observed between calf circumference and gender, with men having a larger average circumference. Age showed a strong correlation with TUG time, indicating poorer performance with increasing age. The prevalence of severe sarcopenia was higher in women, while moderate sarcopenia was similar between the sexes.
This study concluded that muscle mass loss in Angolan elderly is directly associated with functional decline and an increased risk of falls, with a higher prevalence of severe sarcopenia in women. Handgrip strength showed a strong relationship with muscle mass, highlighting that elderly individuals with lower muscle mass have weaker grip strength. Future studies should explore targeted interventions to prevent sarcopenia and enhance functionality, particularly in vulnerable populations, as well as investigate additional factors contributing to the functional health of elderly Angolans.
The results of this study have significant implications for physical therapy practice, management, education, and policy in Angola. In practice, physical therapists can develop targeted rehabilitation and prevention programs for the elderly, focusing on preserving muscle mass and improving handgrip strength to reduce the risk of falls and functional decline. In management, these findings could inform the creation of clinical protocols for regular monitoring of sarcopenia in the elderly, ensuring early interventions. In education, physiotherapy curricula could be adapted to include approaches to sarcopenia and functionality in the elderly, preparing future professionals for the growing needs of this population. Regarding policy, the findings may support the development of public health policies aimed at promoting healthy aging and addressing sarcopenia prevention and treatment in the Angolan context.
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