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Williams G1,2, Mentiplay B3, Clark R4, Kahn M1,4, Banky M1,4
1Epworth Healthcare, Physiotherapy, Melbourne, Australia, 2The University of Melbourne, Physiotherapy, Melbourne, Australia, 3LaTrobe University, Physiotherapy, Melbourne, Australia, 4University of the Sunshine Coast, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Sunshine Coast, Australia
Background: Although it is well established that lower limb joint angles adapt to walking at various speeds, limited research has examined the modifications in joint angular velocity. There is currently no normative dataset for joint angular velocity during walking, which would be useful to allow comparisons for patient cohorts. Additionally, understanding normal joint angular velocity may assist clinical assessment and treatment procedures to incorporate methods that replicate the movement speed of the lower limb joints during walking.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine lower limb joint angles and angular velocities in a healthy population walking at various gait speeds.
Methods: Thirty-six healthy adult participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis while walking at various speeds during habitual and slowed walking. The peak joint angles and angular velocities during important phases of the gait cycle were examined for the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal plane. Data were grouped in 0.2m/s increments from a walking speed of 0.4m/s to 1.6m/s to represent the range of walking speeds reported in studies of people with gait impairments.
Results: For joint angles and angular velocities, the shape of the gait data was consistent regardless of the walking speed. However as walking speed increased, so did the peak joint angles and angular velocities for the hip, knee and ankle. The largest angular velocity occurred when the knee joint extended at the terminal swing phase of gait. For the ankle and hip joint, the largest angular velocity occurred during the push-off phase.
Conclusion(s): This study examined how lower limb joint angular velocities change with various walking speeds. This data can be used as a comparator for data from clinical cohorts, and has the potential to be used to match clinical assessment and treatment methods to joint angular velocity during walking.
Implications: Lower limb joint angular velocity varies considerably with walking speed. The speed at which the joint moves has important implications for spasticity testing and strength training when clinicians are attempting to perform assessment and interventions that are appropriately matched to patient functional level.
Keywords: Walking, angular velocity, kinematics
Funding acknowledgements: This project was supported by a research grant from the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV)
Purpose: This study aimed to examine lower limb joint angles and angular velocities in a healthy population walking at various gait speeds.
Methods: Thirty-six healthy adult participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis while walking at various speeds during habitual and slowed walking. The peak joint angles and angular velocities during important phases of the gait cycle were examined for the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal plane. Data were grouped in 0.2m/s increments from a walking speed of 0.4m/s to 1.6m/s to represent the range of walking speeds reported in studies of people with gait impairments.
Results: For joint angles and angular velocities, the shape of the gait data was consistent regardless of the walking speed. However as walking speed increased, so did the peak joint angles and angular velocities for the hip, knee and ankle. The largest angular velocity occurred when the knee joint extended at the terminal swing phase of gait. For the ankle and hip joint, the largest angular velocity occurred during the push-off phase.
Conclusion(s): This study examined how lower limb joint angular velocities change with various walking speeds. This data can be used as a comparator for data from clinical cohorts, and has the potential to be used to match clinical assessment and treatment methods to joint angular velocity during walking.
Implications: Lower limb joint angular velocity varies considerably with walking speed. The speed at which the joint moves has important implications for spasticity testing and strength training when clinicians are attempting to perform assessment and interventions that are appropriately matched to patient functional level.
Keywords: Walking, angular velocity, kinematics
Funding acknowledgements: This project was supported by a research grant from the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV)
Topic: Human movement analysis; Human movement analysis; Disability & rehabilitation
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Epworth Healthcare
Ethics committee: Human Research and Ethics Committee
Ethics number: 648-14
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
