Mitochondrial adaptations mediate swimming exercise-induced reversal of diabetic myopathy in diabetic pregnant rats

Bruna Catinelli, Angélica Mércia Barbosa, Cristiane Pedroni, Aline Carr, Rafael Oliveira, Fernanda Cristina Alves, Franciele Mosele, Agnaldo Chies, Sérgio Luis Felisbino, Luis Sobrevia, Patrícia Rossignoli, Marilza Rudge, Diamater Study Group, Caroline Baldini Prudencio
Purpose:

Investigate the role of mitochondria number and size and citrate synthase activity in the DiM reversal by swimming exercise. Investigate the role of mitochondria number and size and citrate synthase activity in the DiM reversal by swimming exercise. 

Methods:

The protocol of the study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol registration number 1365/2020). Mild hyperglycemic pregnant rats’ model was obtained by a subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin on the first day of life in Wistar female newborns. At 90 days of life, after mating, the rats were allocated into 4 groups: non-diabetic sedentary (NDsed), non-diabetic exercised (NDex), diabetic sedentary (Dsed) and diabetic exercised (Dex). The SE protocol started at gestational day 0 and consisted of 60 min/day for 6 days/week in a period of 20 days in a swim tunnel. On gestational day 21 rectus abdominis was obtained to the study of mitochondria size and number through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and soleus muscles was obtained to the study of citrate synthase activity. Comparisons of the measurements between groups were performed with Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. Statistical significance was considered to be p0.05.

Results:

Quantitative characterization by TEM used in this study showed higher mitochondria area in both exercised groups (NDex and Dex groups) and higher mitochondria number in Dex group. In addition, mitochondria area in Dex group is similar to NDex group and higher than NDsed and Dsed groups. Mitochondria number of Dex is similar to NDsed and NDex groups. Furthermore, Dex group reached similar values of citrate synthase activity to the NDsed group, in contrast with higher level presented in Dsed group in comparison to NDsed group.

Conclusion(s):

Mitochondrial adaptations, demonstrated by higher mitochondria area and number, as well as restoration of citrate synthase activity, are involved in SE-induced reversal of DiM in diabetic pregnant rats. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.

Implications:

These findings provide insight to aid in translating this discovery into therapeutics. 

Funding acknowledgements:
São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (2016/01743-5) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES (2020/88887.481402/2020-00)
Keywords:
Diabetes
Muscle
Mitochondria
Primary topic:
Research methodology, knowledge translation and implementation science
Second topic:
Musculoskeletal
Third topic:
Basic science including molecular and cellular health
Did this work require ethics approval?:
Yes
Name the institution and ethics committee that approved your work:
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Botucatu Medical School (FMB - UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Provide the ethics approval number:
1365/2020
Has any of this material been/due to be published or presented at another national or international conference prior to the World Physiotherapy Congress 2025?:
No

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