The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the 10-year outcomes after a study comparing specific and non-specific exercise treatment and the need for surgery. Secondarily we compared patients who had undergone exercise treatment, to those having surgery and explored the importance of rotator cuff status in relation to given treatment and outcomes.
At enrolment 2009-2010, 97 patients with long-standing subacromial pain were on the waiting list for Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression (ASD). They were randomized to specific exercises focusing on strengthening of the rotator cuff and scapula stabilizers (n=51) or control: unloaded range of motion exercises (n=46). ASD was optional during the entire observation time. Eligible patients from either group constitute the present 10-year cohort with non-operated (n=42) or operated (n=41) patients. The primary outcome was shoulder function and pain after 10 years assessed by the Constant-Murley score (CMS). Secondary outcomes were proportion of patients choosing surgery and rotator cuff status related to treatment and primary outcome.
At the 10-year follow-up, 83 of 97 patients (86%) participated. All patients significantly improved in CMS from baseline to 10-year follow-up, mean improvement of 37 (95% CI 33-41, p0,0001). Non-operated patients had significantly better CMS compared to operated with mean difference 11 (95% CI 4-18) (p=0,003). Significantly more patients in the control exercise group 65% (26 of 40) had chosen surgery compared to 35% (15 of 43) in the specific exercise group up until 10 years (p=0,006). At 10 years, 55% of the patients had a partial or full thickness rotator cuff tear compared to 28% at baseline. There was no difference in tear progression between operated and non-operated patients (p=0,494). In the contralateral shoulder, 51% of the patients (39 of 76) had a cuff tear compared to 3% at baseline.
Specific exercise treatment for patients with subacromial pain was effective and reduced the need for surgery with maintained results after 10 years. Responders to exercise treatment had best long-term outcomes and ASD yielded satisfying outcome in non-responders. A rotator cuff tear was equally common in patients having undergone surgery as in those treated non-operatively and in the contralateral shoulder.
The presented results highlight the efficacy of exercise treatment for patients with subacromial pain with successful outcome that may persist over time. Surgery might be considered for non-responders to specific exercise and candidates carefully selected. Still, each patient´s reasons for choosing surgery or not is influenced by cuff status, coping, adaptation, psychological factors and level of activity, making it impossible to recommend a specific treatment for the individual patient purely based on results from a group.
Physiotherapy
Long-term
