The present study explores the prevalence of cardiovascular risk after renal transplantation in Indian population as there is a dearth of published literature. With expanding survivors with risk of early CVD death, makes such analysis a thrust area to focus the exercise training and widening the horizons of practice.
This cross-sectional study was conducted after approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). Details of patients undergone RT during the period from 2004 to 2018 were taken from RT registry of the hospital. The subjects in the age range 18 to 65 years of both genders, with uncomplicated clinical course were included. Subjects with uncontrolled arrhythmias, neurological impairment, musculoskeletal diseases or injury affecting mobility and pulmonary disease were excluded from the study. After obtaining informed consent the anthropometric measurements, Clinical parameters (Blood Urea Nitrogen, Serum Creatinine), Functional capacity (Six Minute Walk Test), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were taken from 122 patients. The Framingham score (=/>1), reduced six-minute walk distance(600meters), reduced physical activity (600), increased Body Mass Index (BMI), Increased Body fat [By bioelectric impedance (BEI) and Skin fold measurements (SFM)] were taken as cardiovascular risks after renal transplantation
The data was grouped based on the type and number of years of after RT. Descriptive data analysis was done with parametric tests-student t-test and Pearson correlation with 95% confidence level. There was an increased cardiovascular risk indicated by High body fat, reduced functional capacity (330±55), reduced physical activity (>76%), increased Body mass Index (45%) and increased Framingham score. The insignificant difference in the prevalence by type of transplant whereas the risk was increased by 2.61 times after one year.
There is prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk among the post-renal transplant recipients. The Cardiovascular risk after renal transplant patient remains the same in both live related and Deceased Donor Renal Transplant. There is reduced Physical activity and functional capacity with the cardiovascular risk is increased by 2.61 times after one year of transplant than before one year
The increased prevalence of CVD after Renal transplantation within 2 years associated with reduced physical activity and functional capacity places a need to establish graded exercise training program in order to minimize the risk of early CVD and premature mortality with functional graft. As there is increased mechanization across globe with poor lifestyle adaptations, expanding the physiotherapy care beyond immediate post operative care is vital for sustaining a Quality of life in Renal transplantation survivors.
Cardiovascular disease risk
Physical activity
