Fukushima T1, Kawasaki K2,3, Fujimori D1, Sugiyama K2
1Yokohama General Hospital, Rehabilitation, Yokohama, Japan, 2Yokohama General Hospital, Sport Orthopedics Surgery, Yokohama, Japan, 3Toin University of Yokohama, Sport Education, Faculty of Culture and Sport Policy, Yokohama, Japan
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint among young baseball athletes requiring repetitive spinal flexion and extension. Hip joint range of motion (ROM) deficits considerably affect LBP development. We examined the hip joint ROM of adolescent baseball players. Two types of LBP, namely, forward-bending (FB) and backward-bending (BB), were assessed.
Purpose: This study examined hip joint ROM and its relationship between FB and BB types of LBP in adolescent baseball players. The aim of the study was to propose strategies for LBP prevention.
Methods: A total of 31 baseball players (aged 12-18 years) with fascial lumbago, lumbar stress fracture, lumbar spondylolysis, or lumbar vertebrae herniated disk participated in this study. We classified pain with trunk flexion as FB-type LBP and pain with trunk extension as BB-type LBP. In total, 10 individuals with FB type (mean age, 15 years) and 21 with BB type (mean age, 15 years) LBP were identified. In each group, we examined and compared the numerical rating scale (NRS), straight leg raise (SLR), passive internal (IR), and passive external (ER) hip rotation ROM while in supine (90° IR and 90° ER) and prone (0° IR and 0° ER) positions. The independent sample t-test and SPSS v. 25 were used to analyze and obtain descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Significant differences were found in the mean ROM between groups (right/left, unit: degrees) of SLR and 90° IR and 0° ER and 0° IR. SLR scores for FB type were 63.5/64.0 and for BB type were 70.9/73.0 (p 0.05). 90° IR for FB type were 24.5/25.0 and for BB type were 34.6/37.6 (p 0.05). 0° ER for FB type were 57.5/54.0 and for BB type were 36.5/35.9 (p 0.05). 0° IR for FB type were 44.5/48.5 and for BB type were 28.5/30.9 (p 0.05). There were no significant differences between 90° ER and NRS. 90° ER for FB type were 54.5/53.5 and for BB type were 56.5/58.0 (p > 0.05). NRS for FB type was 6.5 and for BB type was 6.4 (p > 0.05).
Conclusion(s): On average, 90° I/R and SLR were restricted to FB type and 0° I/R and 0° E/R were restricted to BB type.
Implications: Adolescent baseball players at risk for FB type must stretch the hamstring and gluteus maximus muscles, whereas those primarily at risk for BB type must stretch the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles as preventive measures.
Keywords: Adolescent Baseball Players, Low Back Pain, Range of Motion
Funding acknowledgements: N/A
Purpose: This study examined hip joint ROM and its relationship between FB and BB types of LBP in adolescent baseball players. The aim of the study was to propose strategies for LBP prevention.
Methods: A total of 31 baseball players (aged 12-18 years) with fascial lumbago, lumbar stress fracture, lumbar spondylolysis, or lumbar vertebrae herniated disk participated in this study. We classified pain with trunk flexion as FB-type LBP and pain with trunk extension as BB-type LBP. In total, 10 individuals with FB type (mean age, 15 years) and 21 with BB type (mean age, 15 years) LBP were identified. In each group, we examined and compared the numerical rating scale (NRS), straight leg raise (SLR), passive internal (IR), and passive external (ER) hip rotation ROM while in supine (90° IR and 90° ER) and prone (0° IR and 0° ER) positions. The independent sample t-test and SPSS v. 25 were used to analyze and obtain descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Significant differences were found in the mean ROM between groups (right/left, unit: degrees) of SLR and 90° IR and 0° ER and 0° IR. SLR scores for FB type were 63.5/64.0 and for BB type were 70.9/73.0 (p 0.05). 90° IR for FB type were 24.5/25.0 and for BB type were 34.6/37.6 (p 0.05). 0° ER for FB type were 57.5/54.0 and for BB type were 36.5/35.9 (p 0.05). 0° IR for FB type were 44.5/48.5 and for BB type were 28.5/30.9 (p 0.05). There were no significant differences between 90° ER and NRS. 90° ER for FB type were 54.5/53.5 and for BB type were 56.5/58.0 (p > 0.05). NRS for FB type was 6.5 and for BB type was 6.4 (p > 0.05).
Conclusion(s): On average, 90° I/R and SLR were restricted to FB type and 0° I/R and 0° E/R were restricted to BB type.
Implications: Adolescent baseball players at risk for FB type must stretch the hamstring and gluteus maximus muscles, whereas those primarily at risk for BB type must stretch the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles as preventive measures.
Keywords: Adolescent Baseball Players, Low Back Pain, Range of Motion
Funding acknowledgements: N/A
Topic: Sport & sports injuries; Musculoskeletal: spine; Orthopaedics
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Yokohama General Hospital
Ethics committee: Yokohama General Hospital Ethnics Committee
Ethics number: 30-010
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
