This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between left-right imbalances in core and lower limb function and the occurrence of injuries, specifically falls, among middle-aged and older mountain climbers. The research sought to identify predictors of fall risk by assessing Bilateral Differences (BD) from performance tests and offering insights for injury prevention.
A total of 49 participants aged 40 and older who regularly climbed the Tanzawa Mountains were recruited. Each participant performed five simple performance tests bilaterally: knee joint range of motion (KROM), isometric knee extension strength, single-leg stance, single-leg squat, and front lunge. Left-right imbalances were calculated as "Bilateral Difference" (BD) scores. In addition, participants provided information on their climbing experience, basic attributes, and history of falls or injuries. The correlation between BD and fall history was analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine cut-off values for BD scores that could predict fall risk.
The study found a significant correlation between high BD scores in performance tests and an increased risk of falls, particularly when the BD score was 3 or more. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that BD was a strong predictor of fall risk, with an AUC of 92.5%, a sensitivity of 84.6%, and a specificity of 72.5%. Among the individual performance tests, single-leg stance, single-leg squat, and front lunge showed the strongest associations with fall history. Participants with higher BD scores exhibited reduced balance and stability, key factors that contributed to a higher risk of falls during mountain climbing.
Left-right imbalances in core and lower limb function are valuable predictors of fall risk in middle-aged and older mountain climbers. The BD score derived from simple performance tests effectively identifies individuals at higher risk of falling, suggesting that correcting these imbalances could reduce the likelihood of future injuries. Exercise programs designed to improve balance and address left-right discrepancies in strength and stability could be useful interventions for injury prevention in this population.
This study emphasizes the importance of assessing left-right imbalances in core and lower limb function to predict fall risk among older climbers. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing these imbalances could contribute to preventing falls, leading to a safer mountain climbing experience. Future research should focus on expanding the participant pool and conducting longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of corrective exercise programs on fall prevention and overall safety in mountain climbing.
Prevention
Performance tests
