This study aimed to identify the risk factors of falls in community-dwelling older adults, with an emphasis on understanding the impact of horizontal foot perception on fall occurrence.
The participants of this study consisted of 66 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 70.9 ± 10.8 years) who participated in measurement sessions held in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The evaluation included a fall history survey, handgrip strength, toe grip strength, horizontal foot perception, and a five-repetition chair stand test. Horizontal foot perception was assessed using a rectangular swinging platform. Participants placed their lateral malleoli on a marked line while an experimenter ensured that their heels remained in place. A physical therapist confirmed muscle relaxation in the reference ankle by visual inspection and palpation. The lower limb position was standardized with thighs horizontal and knees flexed at approximately 90°. Horizontal foot perception of the dominant foot was measured by positioning the ankle on a uniaxial unstable board in a seated position with eyes closed. The board was passively tilted at a velocity of 1°/s during dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Participants indicated when they perceived the board as horizontal. The average absolute error from the horizontal position (0°) was calculated from four randomized trials using a digital goniometer, with smaller values indicating greater accuracy.Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors influencing the risk of falls. Statistical analyses were conducted using Python, with the significance level set at 5%.
Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and horizontal foot perception significantly influenced fall risk. The horizontal foot perception had the strongest impact (odds ratio, 2.31; p 0.001), followed by age (odds ratio, 1.39; p 0.05). Other factors, including hand grip strength, toe grip strength, sex, and chair stand test results, showed no significant association with fall risk.Logistic regression analysis revealed that age and horizontal foot perception significantly influenced fall risk.
This study demonstrates that horizontal foot perception is a crucial factor influencing fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Comprehensive early interventions targeting somatosensory function, including horizontal foot perception, may be effective in preventing falls. Future research should continue to gather data and expand the analysis to include cognitive function, nutritional status, and other sensory functions to provide a more holistic approach for fall prevention.
The findings of this study suggest that evaluating and addressing somatosensory function, particularly horizontal foot perception, should be integrated into fall prevention programs for older adults. This could lead to more effective interventions and reduced incidence of falls in this population.
Fall Risk Factors
Community-Dwelling Older Adults
