Running-related injuries and injury risks among runners in under-resourced communities, in South Africa

The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for running-related injuries among recreational and professional runners in under-resourced communities in parts of South Africa.

The study utilised a cross-sectional design to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with running-related injuries. Runners from Soweto communities (South of Johannesburg) were included in the study. A data collection tool in the form of a self-administered questionnaire was employed, utilising the RedCap online platform for administration.  A structured analysis plan was implemented using STATA software, with an additional data processing phase in Excel to enhance the clarity and readability of results, including the customisation of charts and graphs to communicate the findings effectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained.

Demographic analysis revealed a higher prevalence of female runners at the beginner level (55%, n=17), with a significant association between advancing age and injury risk. Among professional runners, the distance covered emerged as a significant risk factor, particularly for medium and long-distance runners (odds=2.07, p=0.05 and odd = 3.01, p =0.03, respectively). The frequency of training sessions demonstrated varying degrees of risk for both novice and professional runners. Additionally, terrain-specific analysis highlighted the elevated risk of injuries for beginners on varied terrain relative to professional runners. Statistical findings included significant odds ratios for female runners (odds = 0.75, p =0.05), age over 25 among beginners (odds = 1.56, p = 0.031), medium distance running among professionals (odds = 2.07, p = 0.050), and varied terrain among beginners (odds = 1.76, p = 0.006).

This study provides critical insights for tailoring injury prevention and management techniques, particularly for runners of various levels. It emphasises the importance of individualised treatments by stressing nuanced damage patterns between beginners and professionals. The heightened risk on varied terrain for beginners and the unique implications of sports engagement on injury risk for professionals are noteworthy findings. 

These findings guide tailored prevention strategies, recognising the varied character of running-related injuries and addressing unique needs at various career stages, with possible policy and future research implications.