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Nishimori T1, Urata T2
1Kansai Vocational College, Physical Therapy, Osaka, Japan, 2Kobe University of Welfare, Hyougo, Japan
Background: Rising from supine is an important form of functional mobility, and should be analyzed to allow physical therapists to improve functional ability. No previous studies have presented kinematic data on rising from a supine posture.
Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate kinematic trunk movements on rising from supine to short-sitting using three-dimensional analysis on a local coordination reference system in healthy adult males. Functional mechanisms of trunk movement were examined based on differences in speed of rising.
Methods: A method of rising from supine, described as Sarnacki's roll-off (i.e., rising from supine with trunk rotation and flexion), was calculated. Six healthy males (mean age, 23.3±3.5 years) who could rise in an unrestricted manner toward the right from supine comprised the usual speed task group. Rising motions from supine were recorded using four video cameras. Mean execution time in the usual speed task was 2.38±0.24 s.
On another day, 5 volunteers performed rising from supine with an execution time more than 2 standard deviations over the mean time for Sarnacki's roll-off in the usual speed task group. These volunteers formed the slow speed task group. Mean execution time in the slow speed task group was 3.53±0.16 s.
Twenty-nine body landmarks were digitized using software, identifying landmarks in each frame for visual monitoring on a desktop computer.The origin of the local reference frame was located at the pelvis level. Angles of trunk motion in the present research were therefore obtained as values corresponding to actual motion.
Angle patterns of trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation while rising from supine were obtained. Mean peaks of trunk angle were compared between usual and slow speed tasks. Statistical analysis was undertaken using unpaired T-testing.
Results: Angle patterns of trunk movement in both tasks demonstrated the process of rising motions with trunk rotation in Sarnacki's roll-off. Mean peak angle of trunk rotation toward the right and lateral flexion toward the left were 13.8±3.3° and 5.58±9.18° in the usual speed task group, and 39.0±23.4°and 21.4±14.1° in the slow speed task group. The slow speed task group showed significantly greater trunk rotation angle (p 0.05) and a tendency toward increased trunk lateral flexion (p=0.07) compared to the usual speed task.
Conclusion(s): One method for rising from supine at usual speed is accompanied by rapid trunk flexion and swing-down of the lower extremities. These rapid movements generate angular momentum that contributes a HAT COG (center of mass among head, arms and trunk) shift toward the base of support (i.e., the buttocks) of the final short-sitting condition. One method for rising at slow speed is decreased the momentum. A significant increase in trunk angle for the slow speed task was considered useful to displace the center of mass in the upper body within the base of support formed by the upper extremities.
Implications: It is thought that range of motion in trunk and shoulder joint is important in slow getting up such as older people.
Keywords: Human movement, Rising from supine, Three-dimensional analysis
Funding acknowledgements: None received.
Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate kinematic trunk movements on rising from supine to short-sitting using three-dimensional analysis on a local coordination reference system in healthy adult males. Functional mechanisms of trunk movement were examined based on differences in speed of rising.
Methods: A method of rising from supine, described as Sarnacki's roll-off (i.e., rising from supine with trunk rotation and flexion), was calculated. Six healthy males (mean age, 23.3±3.5 years) who could rise in an unrestricted manner toward the right from supine comprised the usual speed task group. Rising motions from supine were recorded using four video cameras. Mean execution time in the usual speed task was 2.38±0.24 s.
On another day, 5 volunteers performed rising from supine with an execution time more than 2 standard deviations over the mean time for Sarnacki's roll-off in the usual speed task group. These volunteers formed the slow speed task group. Mean execution time in the slow speed task group was 3.53±0.16 s.
Twenty-nine body landmarks were digitized using software, identifying landmarks in each frame for visual monitoring on a desktop computer.The origin of the local reference frame was located at the pelvis level. Angles of trunk motion in the present research were therefore obtained as values corresponding to actual motion.
Angle patterns of trunk flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation while rising from supine were obtained. Mean peaks of trunk angle were compared between usual and slow speed tasks. Statistical analysis was undertaken using unpaired T-testing.
Results: Angle patterns of trunk movement in both tasks demonstrated the process of rising motions with trunk rotation in Sarnacki's roll-off. Mean peak angle of trunk rotation toward the right and lateral flexion toward the left were 13.8±3.3° and 5.58±9.18° in the usual speed task group, and 39.0±23.4°and 21.4±14.1° in the slow speed task group. The slow speed task group showed significantly greater trunk rotation angle (p 0.05) and a tendency toward increased trunk lateral flexion (p=0.07) compared to the usual speed task.
Conclusion(s): One method for rising from supine at usual speed is accompanied by rapid trunk flexion and swing-down of the lower extremities. These rapid movements generate angular momentum that contributes a HAT COG (center of mass among head, arms and trunk) shift toward the base of support (i.e., the buttocks) of the final short-sitting condition. One method for rising at slow speed is decreased the momentum. A significant increase in trunk angle for the slow speed task was considered useful to displace the center of mass in the upper body within the base of support formed by the upper extremities.
Implications: It is thought that range of motion in trunk and shoulder joint is important in slow getting up such as older people.
Keywords: Human movement, Rising from supine, Three-dimensional analysis
Funding acknowledgements: None received.
Topic: Human movement analysis
Ethics approval required: Yes
Institution: Kansai Vocational College of Medicine
Ethics committee: Ethics Commitee of Kansai Vocational College of Medicine
Ethics number: H30-01
All authors, affiliations and abstracts have been published as submitted.
