The aim of this study was to explore the main competencies of sports physiotherapists identified by key stakeholders who interact with physiotherapists, such as athletes, athlete support personnel, sporting clubs/organisations managers and medical personnel of leading sporting organisations.
Three focus groups and eight semi-structured interviews were conducted. Participants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure a broad range of expertise. The first focus group consisted of athletes, the second included athlete support personnel, such as sports coaches, medical doctors, nutritionists, and sports psychologists and the third comprised of representatives from national healthcare organisations involved in sports. Semi-structured interviews were conducted one-on-one with representatives from leading international sporting and health organisations, including International Sports Federations, Olympic, and Paralympic Committees. The focus groups and interviews were conducted remotely using the Microsoft Teams videoconference tool. The data was analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to the role of sports physiotherapists in sport and health systems.
Twenty-six participants from Asia (1), Oceania (1), Africa (2), America (2), and Europe (20) contributed to the study. Thematic analysis revealed several key competencies for sports physiotherapists, including a profile that combines meta-skills, physiotherapy expertise, leadership skills and an understanding of their global role. Critical competencies included the integration of theoretical and practical knowledge through continuing education in areas such as anatomy, biomechanics, pathophysiology, and sports-specific expertise. Proficiency in injury diagnosis, clinical examination, and managing the return-to-play process were also emphasised, along with skills in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Multidisciplinary collaboration, effective communication, and cultural competence emerged as essential soft skills. Ethical considerations and individualised care were highlighted as further key themes.
This study provides an up to date and clearer definition of the expected competencies for sports physiotherapists within sporting and health environments. A competency profile that integrates theoretical and practical expertise, along with soft skills, such as communication, cultural competence, and multidisciplinary collaboration, is essential for effective practice. Key competencies, such as injury diagnosis and rehabilitation combined with ongoing education in sports-specific knowledge, are vital for optimising athlete care. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of the sports physiotherapist’s role, emphasising the need for clinical skills and broader interdisciplinary understanding.
Educational programmes should not only provide a strong foundation in anatomy, biomechanics, pathophysiology, and sports-specific knowledge but also emphasise the development of soft skills, such as leadership, adaptability, and empathy. Continuing education should focus on theoretical advancements and hands-on training to ensure that sports physiotherapists remain competent.
competencies
athletes
